Abstract Objective：To compare the clinical curative effects of simple decompression and fusion operation for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis patients. Method：The clinical data of 63 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis in our hospital underwent decompression or fusion operation treatment from March 2008 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different surgical procedures，they were randomly divided into 31 cases with simple decompression surgery（the decompression group） and 32 cases with decompression joint fusion surgery（the fusion group）.The average follow-up was 4.5 years（1-6 years）.The general data，imaging data and surgical data of the two groups were retrospectively observed. Result：There were no statistically significant differences in the age，followup time，surgical procedure，ASA grading and preoperative conditions between the two groups（P>0.05）.At the last follow-up，the correction of lumbar lordotic angle（determined radiologically） was significantly better than the fusion group，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.However，clinical outcomes including visual analogue scale，Oswestry Disability Index，and the Odom’s criteria，there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups（P>0.05）.The operation time，hospitalization time，intraoperative bleeding volume and operative complications of the decompression group were significantly better than those of the fusion group，the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion：Screw rod fusion surgery after decompression effect is better，simple laminectomy has less trauma，two kinds of operation modes have their own advantages and disadvantages，but fusion operation is better.
